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太原理工大学吴旭/邓杨团队Angew: COFs中单线态与三线态激发的切换实现高效光催化

  • 2026-04-19 23:38:16
太原理工大学吴旭/邓杨团队Angew: COFs中单线态与三线态激发的切换实现高效光催化
第一作者:Yang Deng, Dekun Li
通讯作者:吴旭/邓杨
论文DOI 10.1002/anie.8843840
研究背景:
光催化过程的核心是光生电子‑空穴对的动力学行为,其中电子转移(ET)和能量转移(EnT)是两种主要且相互竞争的路径,分别通过不同的机制驱动氧化还原反应。ET 涉及界面电子和空穴的转移,可引发热力学苛刻的转化;而 EnT 则通过非辐射偶极‑偶极共振将激发能整体转移至受体分子,绕过电荷迁移步骤,抑制载流子复合,具有高选择性、强抗干扰能力和独特的活化通道。因此,精准调控激发态(特别是单线态 S₁ 和三线态 T₁)至关重要。二维共价有机框架(COF)凭借其可精确设计的层间偏移 π–π 堆叠结构,为调控激子行为提供了独特平台:原子尺度的偏移堆叠可调节分子间电子耦合与空间重叠,增强自旋‑轨道耦合(SOC),促进系间窜越(ISC),从而高效生成 T₁ 激子,并利用其长寿命和能量迁移优势实现优越的 EnT 光催化。

研究内容:

单线态(S1)与三线态(T1)激发作为两条主要且相互竞争的路径,在光催化过程中发挥着关键但完全不同的作用。实现S1与T1激发能之间的灵活切换仍具挑战性。本研究通过在骨架中整合折叠构建单元,成功合成了三种堆叠角度偏移分别为90°、105°和128°的2D 共价有机框架(COFs)。结果表明,策略性偏移堆叠可有效利用 π-σ 吸引作用,从而诱导从S1态到T1态的系间跨越。面对面堆叠的 BDT - HHTP -COF倾向于遵循电子转移路径,进而生成·O2。相比之下,具有最优化偏移堆叠距离的 BDT-CTC-COF能产生高浓度的1O2,这主要归因于能量转移路径。理论计算证实, BDT-CTC-COF可增强库仑相互作用、触发系间跨越,并加速T1激子向框架基质中吸附O2的转移。这种机制路径的转换至关重要,因为高亲电性1O2在攻击甲苯富电子芳香环时表现出卓越效能,启动选择性氧化过程,快速实现超过98%的降解率和80%的二氧化碳矿化率,较以电子转移为主导的路径提升1.5倍。

Highlight:
                            • 通过层间偏移堆叠实现 S₁ 电子转移与 T₁ 能量转移路径的可逆切换:合成了三种不同偏移角(90°、105°、128°)的2D COF,成功调控了激子行为,面‑面堆叠的 BDT‑HHTP‑COF 倾向于 ET 路径生成 O₂⁻,而最佳偏移的 BDT‑CTC‑COF 则转向 EnT 路径高效生成 ¹O₂。

                            • 偏移堆叠增强 π–σ 吸引,降低 ΔE_ST 并促进 ISC:理论计算和超快光谱证实,偏移堆叠减弱了层间电子排斥,增强了库仑相互作用,使 BDT‑CTC‑COF 具有最小的单线态‑三线态能隙和最大的系间窜越速率常数,从而高效产生三线态激子。

                            • EnT 主导的 ¹O₂ 路径实现优异的光催化甲苯降解与矿化:BDT‑CTC‑COF 在 30 分钟内对甲苯降解效率达 98.68%,CO₂ 矿化率超过 80%,分别是 ET 主导路径的 1.5 倍和 2 倍,且经 10 次循环后活性保持 95% 以上,展示了调控激发态路径在环境修复中的巨大潜力。

                            FIGURE 1 (a) The synthetic routes and chemical structures of the COFs. The space-filling model of (b) BDD-HHTP-COF, (c) BDT-HHTP-COF, and (d) BDT-CTC-COF.

                            FIGURE 2 The experimental diffraction diagram and the simulated diffraction diagram of (a) BDD-HHTP-COF, (b) BDT-HHTP-COF, and (c) BDT-CTC-COF. (d) Nitrogen sorption isotherms and pore size distribution of the COFs; (e) FT-IR spectra and (f) Raman spectra of monomers and the COFs; (g-l) HR-TEM of the COFs.

                            FIGURE 3 (a) UV–Vis DRS absorption spectrums of the COFs. (b) PL spectra of the COFs. (c) TRPL decay spectra of the COFs. (d) Transient photocurrent responses of the COFs. (e) EIS of the COFs; (f) Tauc plots of the COFs. (g) The XPS valence band of the COFs. (h) Schematic illustration of the electronic band structures of the COFs. (i–k) KPFM surface potential image of the COFs and corresponding potential difference before and after illumination. (l) EPR spectra of O2− in the presence of DMPO. (m–n) EPR spectra of 1Oin the presence of TEMP.

                            FIGURE 4 (a) Plausible energy transfer processes for triplet-excitons generation and 1Ogeneration. (b) Radar plot showing the major photophysical properties of the COFs. (c) The mechanism schematic diagram of the COFs for photocatalytic activation of oxygen. (d) Fs-TAS and the corresponding signals of (d) BDT-HHTP-COF, (e) BDD-HHTP-COF, and (f) BDT-CTC-COF; Fs-TAS 2D plot of (g) BDT-HHTP-COF, (h) BDD-HHTP-COF, and (i) BDT-CTC-COF; Decay kinetic plots of (j) BDT-HHTP-COF, (k) BDD-HHTP-COF, and (l) BDT-CTC-COF.

                            FIGURE 5 (a) Electronic density distribution and HOMO–LUMO of the COFs. (b) Different electrostatic interaction diagrams of offset and face-to-face stacking between aromatic rings. (c) Distribution of holes (blue)-electrons (green) and contribution of atoms to holes and electrons of the COFs.

                            FIGURE 6 (a–c) Gibbs free energy diagrams of oxygen at different COF sites. (d–f) In situ DRIFTS spectra for the photocatalytic system of the COFs. (g) The activation mechanism of both energy transfer via Tin BDT-CTC-COF and electron transfer through Sin BDT-HHTP-COF, without the need for co-catalysts and sacrificial agents.

                            FIGURE 7 (a) The degradation curves of toluene over the COFs. (b) The fitted pseudo first-order rate constant of the COFs. (c) The degradation curves of toluene over the COFs under different oxygen ratios. (d) The toluene degradation and COmineralization of the COFs. (e) The degradation of toluene during the photocatalytic oxidation reaction over the COFs with different scavengers. (f) The stability test of the COFs. (g–i) In situ FTIR spectra of the COFs in the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene process.

                            结论:

                            本研究提出了一种通过精确调控二维COFs层间偏移 π-π 堆叠来切换S1电子转移与T1能量转移路径的新策略。具体而言,通过在骨架内整合折叠构建模块,成功合成了三种具有不同偏移堆叠模式的2D COFs。结果表明,这种策略性偏移堆叠可有效利用 π-σ 吸引作用,从而诱导从S1态到T1态的ISC转变。面对面堆叠的 BDT-HHTP-COF光催化剂更倾向于S1电子转移路径,进而生成O2−。相比之下,具有最优化偏移堆叠距离的 BDT-CTCCOF 则产生更高浓度的1O2,这主要归因于T1能量转移路径。理论研究表明, BDT-CTC-COF可通过增强库仑相互作用促进ISC,并推动T1激子向O2吸附位点转移,共同实现高效1O2光合作用的能量转移过程。此外,层间偏移堆叠可暴露更多活性位点,进一步提升光催化性能。这种机制路径的切换至关重要,因为高亲电性1O2在攻击甲苯富电子芳香环时表现出卓越效能,引发选择性氧化过程,从而快速实现超过98%的降解效率和80%的二氧化碳矿化效率。阐明了S1与T1之间的转化机制,并结合显著的光合效率,凸显了工程化共价有机框架结构在先进光催化环境修复中的巨大潜力。

                            https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.8843840.

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                            1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000975s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=h460;charset=utf8mb4
                            2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001186s ]
                            3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000566s ]
                            4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.001525s ]
                            5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001133s ]
                            6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001608s ]
                            7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001276s ]
                            8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 496624 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.004961s ]
                            9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1776889203 WHERE `id` = 496624 [ RunTime:0.004451s ]
                            10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000627s ]
                            11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 496624 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001171s ]
                            12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 496624 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001030s ]
                            13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 496624 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001449s ]
                            14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 496624 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.004165s ]
                            15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 496624 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.003091s ]
                            0.212151s