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【英语】山西省太原市部分学校2024-2025学年高一下学期开学试题(解析版)

2026-05-19 19:12:23

山西省太原市部分学校2024-2025学年高一下学期

开学英语试题

第一部分听力(略)

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion（凝聚力）, make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So, let's check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US.

Gotham Greens

Where: New York Chicago

What: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100, 000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn't just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.

Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students

Where: Baltimore, Maryland

What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students （BUGS）program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don't have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food.

ReVision Urban Farm

Where: Boston, Massachusetts

What: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home—a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm's fresh vegetables. The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.

Swale

Where: New York

What: Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm. Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines-each one complementing the other in a symbiotic（共生的）relationship.

1. What does the BUGS program mainly do?

A. Provide job training for students.

B. Use high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food.

C. Create a sustainable garden on a large boat.

D. Offer students the opportunity to grow vegetables.

2. Which urban garden helps people get out of poverty?

A. Gotham Greens.B. Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students.

C. ReVision Urban Farm.D. Swale.

3. Where can citizens go to see a food forest?

A. Chicago.B. Baltimore.

C. Boston.D. New York.

【答案】1. D2. C3. D

【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿色空间，建立社区凝聚力(凝聚力)，结交新朋友，与地球相连，等等。本文主要介绍了美国4个城市花园。

【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students （BUGS）program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs.（巴尔的摩城市园艺与学生(BUGS)项目鼓励学生们通过课后和暑期项目亲自动手种植蔬菜。）”可知，BUGS这个项目主要是让学生们课后种植蔬菜。故选D项。

【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.（该组织还提供职业培训，帮助家庭摆脱贫困的循环。）”可知，ReVision Urban Farm能够帮助人们脱离贫困。故选C项。

【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句“Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food.（Swale是一个位于一艘大船上的漂浮食物森林，这是一个创新项目，旨在启发市民重新思考我们的城市和食物之间的关系。）”以及“. Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines-each one complementing the other in a symbiotic（共生的）relationship.”（食物林是可持续发展的花园，包括蔬菜、水果、坚果树、灌木、草本植物和葡萄藤，每一种都以共生关系相互补充）可知，位于纽约的Swale是一个食物森林。故选D项。

Cynthia Rosenzweig was awarded the World Food Prize. She played a leading role in modelling (建模) the effects of climate change on food production. As a climate research scientist, she has spent much of the career explaining that global food production adapts to a changing climate.

Cynthia, who describes herself as a climate scientist, grew up in a village near New York, an area that led her to live in the country. She moved to Italy with her husband-to-be in her 20s and developed an interest in agriculture. After returning to the United States, she focused her education on agricultural science.

She worked as a graduate student at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies in the early 1980s, when global climate models were beginning to show the effects of human related CO₂ on the global climate. As the only team member studying agriculture, she researched the effect on food production and has been working since then to answer those questions. She completed the first experiment of how climate change will affect food production in North America in 1985 and globally in 1994.

Cynthia has studied how farmers can deal with climate change and how agriculture worsens the problem. For example, she wrote a research paper that said global agri-food systems create nearly one-third of the total global greenhouse gases caused by human activity. She added that greenhouse gases come from many parts of food production, including the clearing of forests for farmland.

4. What helps Cynthia win the World Food Prize?

A. The great success in space research.

B. The important role in agricultural studies

C. The study of climate effects on food production

D. The scientific research on global climate change

5. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Cynthia?

A. The research information.B. The chief achievements

C. The family members.D. The life experiences.

6. Which of the following can best describe Cynthia?

A. Hard-workingB. Humorous.C. Easy-going.D. Graceful

7. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Forests should make room for farmland.

B. Food production also affects climate change.

C. Farmers rely on climate for food production

D. Agriculture is the main source of greenhouse gas.

【答案】4. C5. D6. A7. B

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一位世界粮食奖者——辛西娅·罗森茨威格，她致力于研究气候与粮食生产之间的互相影响。

【4题详解】细节理解题。根据首段“As a climate research scientist, she has spent much of the career explaining that global food production adapts to a changing climate. (作为一名气候研究科学家，她职业生涯的大部分时间都在解释全球粮食生产是如何适应气候变化的。)”可知，辛西娅·罗森茨威格被授予世界粮食奖是因为她研究的是全球粮食生产是如何适应气候变化的，也就是说，气候对粮食生产的影响。故选C。

【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Cynthia, who describes herself as a climate scientist, grew up in a village near New York, an area that led her to live in the country. She moved to Italy with her husband-to-be in her 20s and developed an interest in agriculture. After returning to the United States, she focused her education on agricultural science. (辛西娅自称是一名气候科学家，她在纽约附近的一个村庄长大，这一地区导致她住在乡下。20多岁时，她和未来的丈夫搬到了意大利，并对农业产生了兴趣。回到美国后，她专注于农业科学的教育。)”可知，先是介绍她成长的村庄，然后和未婚夫搬去意大利，然后回到美国，这是她生活的经历。故选D。

【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“As the only team member studying agriculture, she researched the effect on food production and has been working since then to answer those questions. She completed the first experiment of how climate change will affect food production in North America in 1985 and globally in 1994. (作为团队中唯一研究农业的成员，她研究了对粮食生产的影响，并从那时起一直致力于回答这些问题。1985年和1994年，她分别完成了关于气候变化如何影响北美和全球粮食生产的第一个实验。)”可知，她一直致力于研究对粮食生产的影响，是一位很努力工作的科学家。故选A。

【7题详解】推理判断题。根据末段第二句“For example, she wrote a research paper that said global agri-food systems create nearly one-third of the total global greenhouse gases caused by human activity. (例如，她写了一篇研究论文，称全球农业食品系统产生了近三分之一的人类活动造成的全球温室气体。)”可知，食品生产使全球温室气体增加了近三分之一，所以食品生产对气候变化也有影响。故选B。

Most of us have told a lie at one time or another. Some lies are harmful. Others are mostly harmless. Still other lies may even be created with the best of intentions. But no matter what kind of lie you tell, it takes a great deal of brainpower to keep your lie covered.

People lie for different reasons. Sometimes they do it to make themselves look better. Sometimes they lie to get out of trouble. Some lies are well-intended, which scientists call “prosocial lies”. Maybe you tell your parents that you loved the sweater they gave you for your birthday (even though you were really hoping for a new cell phone). That’s a prosocial lie.

When you tell the truth, your brain doesn’t have to do anything unusual. Lying takes much more work. For example, when you are late for class, you tell a lie that you have to stop by the library and pick up a book. Your teacher may ask to see the book or even ask you to read it. This may result in a series (系列) of lies, causing a lot of brain work done in the prefrontal cortex (前额皮层). It’s the part in charge of working memory. Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while. When you use self-control to keep from telling the truth, this part comes into play.

Spending so much brainpower trying to keep a story straight means prefrontal cortex has a harder time doing other tasks that require planning, self-control or working memory, such as planning a study schedule. Kid’s prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until around age 25. So they have fewer resources (资源) there to begin with. That is why researchers feel it’s important