太原科技大学/拜罗伊特大学Angew:将阳光和海水转化为能源:光催化过氧化氢作为绿色燃料载体

过氧化氢（H₂O₂）是一种新兴的绿色能源载体和用途广泛的氧化剂。然而，其生产仍严重依赖能耗高且产生大量废弃物的蒽醌法。相反，光催化利用氧气（O₂）和水（H₂O）作为原料为过氧化氢的制备提供了一条可持续的途径。在这方面，由于海水是地球上最丰富的水资源，利用海水制备过氧化氢在该领域具有巨大潜力。然而，海水复杂的成分和高盐含量给光催化过程带来了重大挑战，例如催化剂失活和干扰反应路径。在这篇综述文章中，总结了直接从海水中光催化合成过氧化氢的最新进展。首先介绍了光催化反应的基本原理以及海水中各成分与光催化剂之间的相互作用。然后，根据不同的光催化剂类型，讨论了过氧化氢合成的研究进展、其优势和局限性。最后，指出了当前的技术瓶颈，并预见了未来的研究方向。总之，这篇综述文章将为直接从海水中生成过氧化氢提供全面的理解。

FIGURE 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the applications of H2O2 ; (b) the on-site H2O2 synthesis by anthraquinone method. Reproduced withpermission [10]. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society; (c) electrocatalytic and (d) photocatalytic processes; (e) Schematic diagram of consecutiveconversion of solar energy to chemical energy and further to kinetic/electrical energy via photocatalytically generated H2O2 as green fuel carriers.

FIGURE 2 (a) The schematic overall structure of photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 from seawater; (b) the correlation of key properties ofsemiconductors to their photocatalytic activities; (c) Energy diagram for O2 reduction and H2O oxidation on a semiconductor for H2O2 Production; (d)Photocatalytic ORR-pathway for the generation of H2O2 ; (e) Photocatalytic WOR-pathway for the generation of H2O2 ; (f) Photocatalytic dual-channelpathway for the generation of H2O2.

FIGURE 3 Schematic drawing of one-compartment H2O2 fuel cell.

FIGURE 4 The schematic diagram of (a) key rate and transport descriptors of H2O2 generation alongside possible side-reaction pathways,including Cl− corrosion, chloride evolution reaction (ClER) and in situ hypochlorous acid generation; (b) the influence of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and various coexisting ions on the selectivity of H2O2 generation; (c) strategies for the selective detection of H2O2 and for mitigating hypochloriteinterference in colorimetric assays, in the presence of side reactions.

FIGURE 5 A brief timeline of the development of representative photocatalysts for photocatalytic H2O2 production from seawater.

Turning Sunlight and Seawater Into Energy: PhotocatalyticHydrogen Peroxide as a Green Fuel Carrier

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.72660